Soil Phosphorus

AUS-AMR-AGR-SOP General Moderate confidence

Benchmark Value

No specific value — see range
Range: 20 to 25 mg/kg
Thresholds: Lower: 15, Upper: 25
Optimal Range: 20 to 25
Direction: Higher is desirable ↑
Form: OptimalRange

Scoring Curve

This curve shows how a field measurement for this indicator would score across all available benchmark forms in this context.

Evidence & Context

The benchmark is presented as an optimal range, bounded by a lower critical threshold where system function is compromised and an upper detrimental threshold where ecological health begins to decline.

Metric Definition:

Available soil phosphorus measured as Colwell-P in sustainable cropping systems.

Benchmark Definition:

This benchmark represents the optimal range of soil phosphorus for sustainable cropping in arid mountain uplands, balancing crop yield and ecological health.

Justification:

It is derived by integrating agronomic critical thresholds with ecological limits identified in separate literature.

Sources (2)

Preview of Regenerative Phosphorus Management - Agresol - Regenerative ..., accessed August 4, 2025
Regenerative Phosphorus Management - Agresol - Regenerative ..., accessed August 4, 2025 GreyLiterature

Regenerative Phosphorus Management - Agresol - Regenerative Agriculture Consulting Australia, accessed August 28, 2025

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Preview of Soil phosphorus–crop response calibration ... - CSIRO Publishing, accessed May 11, 2025,
Soil phosphorus–crop response calibration ... - CSIRO Publishing, accessed May 11, 2025, Journal

Soil phosphorus–crop response calibration relationships and criteria for winter cereal crops grown in Australia - CSIRO Publishing

View Source

Supporting Sources (5)

Additional references from the underlying research that informed this benchmark.

Preview of A simple phosphorus buffering index for Australian soils - ResearchGate
A simple phosphorus buffering index for Australian soils - ResearchGate
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

(PDF) A simple phosphorus buffering index for Australian soils - ResearchGate

View Source
Preview of Crop NutritioN FACT SHEET - Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)
Crop NutritioN FACT SHEET - Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)
Contextual Support Journal

What are the optimum nutrient targets for pastures? - Soil Health Knowledgebase

View Source
Preview of Phosphorus - WA | Fact Sheets | soilquality.org.au, accessed July 21, 2025,
Phosphorus - WA | Fact Sheets | soilquality.org.au, accessed July 21, 2025,
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Phosphorus - Qld | Fact Sheets | soilquality.org.au, accessed July 18, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Phosphorus Plays Key Roles in Regulating Plants' Physiological Responses to Abiotic Stresses - MDPI, accessed July 23, 2025,
Phosphorus Plays Key Roles in Regulating Plants' Physiological Responses to Abiotic Stresses - MDPI, accessed July 23, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Phosphorus Plays Key Roles in Regulating Plants' Physiological Responses to Abiotic Stresses - MDPI

View Source
Preview of Soil phosphorus tests II: A comparison of soil test–crop response relationships for different soil tests and wheat - CSIRO PUBLISHING | Crop and Pasture Science
Soil phosphorus tests II: A comparison of soil test–crop response relationships for different soil tests and wheat - CSIRO PUBLISHING | Crop and Pasture Science
Contextual Support Journal

Soil phosphorus tests II: A comparison of soil test–crop response relationships for different soil tests and wheat - CSIRO PUBLISHING | Crop and Pasture Science

View Source

Context

  • Region Australia
  • Biome Arid Mountain Ranges & Uplands
  • Land Use Agricultural Crop Production
  • Assessment Pristine Reference
  • Evidence Type TargetCondition

Lifecycle

  • Status Active
  • Version 1
  • Effective From 24 Mar 2026

Notes

Below this threshold, yield is severely limited by P deficiency. The benchmark range provides sufficient P for healthy crop growth while supporting soil biology. Above this threshold, the risk of suppressing mycorrhizal fungi and losing native species diversity increases significantly. The low PBI of these soils means less fertiliser is needed to reach the target range, but over-application can increase the risk of nutrient leaching.