Soil pH

AUS-TDG-CON-SPH General High confidence

Benchmark Value

4.2 pH
Direction: Higher is desirable ↑
Form: MinimumOnly

Scoring Curve

This curve shows how a field measurement for this indicator would score across all available benchmark forms in this context.

Evidence & Context

"As the pH (in CaCl2) falls below 4.2, P ions will precipitate with Al and Fe and will adsorb onto Al and Fe oxides, which become increasingly soluble as the soil becomes more acidic (Hinsinger 2001; Hazelton and Murphy 2007)."

Metric Definition:

Topsoil pH threshold in calcium chloride extract below which phosphorus precipitation with iron and aluminum restricts biological availability.

Benchmark Definition:

Degradation threshold below which severe acidification impairs phosphorus availability and native plant recruitment.

Justification:

Identifies a precise chemical boundary in highly weathered Australian soils where severe acidification triggers nutrient lockup, posing a persistent ecological barrier to woodland recovery.

Sources (1)

Preview of The soil of abandoned farmland, Cumberland Plain Woodland and restored vegetation - Research Profiles and Repository, accessed July 15, 2025,
The soil of abandoned farmland, Cumberland Plain Woodland and restored vegetation - Research Profiles and Repository, accessed July 15, 2025,

Fitzgerald, J. K. (2007). The Soil of Abandoned Farmland, Cumberland Plain Woodland and Restored Areas. PhD Thesis, Western Sydney University.

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Supporting Sources (5)

Additional references from the underlying research that informed this benchmark.

Preview of Eldridge, D. J., Benham, M., Singh, B. K., & Delgado-Baquerizo, M. (2021). Ecosystem Properties in Urban Areas Vary with Habitat Type and Settlement Age. Plant and Soil, 462, 115–128.
Eldridge, D. J., Benham, M., Singh, B. K., & Delgado-Baquerizo, M. (2021). Ecosystem Properties in Urban Areas Vary with Habitat Type and Settlement Age. Plant and Soil, 462, 115–128.
Direct Evidence Journal

Eldridge, D. J., Benham, M., Singh, B. K., & Delgado-Baquerizo, M. (2021). Ecosystem Properties in Urban Areas Vary with Habitat Type and Settlement Age. Plant and Soil, 462, 115–128.

View Source
Preview of Mac Nally, R., McIntyre, S., & Bennett, A. F. (2014). Coarse Woody Debris Carbon Pools in Biologically Diverse Grassy Woodlands of Southeastern Australia. Journal of Environmental Quality, 43(6), 2055–2064.
Mac Nally, R., McIntyre, S., & Bennett, A. F. (2014). Coarse Woody Debris Carbon Pools in Biologically Diverse Grassy Woodlands of Southeastern Australia. Journal of Environmental Quality, 43(6), 2055–2064.
Contextual Support Journal

Mac Nally, R., McIntyre, S., & Bennett, A. F. (2014). Coarse Woody Debris Carbon Pools in Biologically Diverse Grassy Woodlands of Southeastern Australia. Journal of Environmental Quality, 43(6), 2055–2064.

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Preview of Mallen-Cooper, M., Nakagawa, S., & Eldridge, D. J. (2019). Foraging Pits of a Reintroduced Ecosystem Engineer, the Eastern Bettong, Have Divergent Effects on Soil Chemistry in Sub-humid Temperate Woodland. PLOS ONE, 14(8), e0220953.
Mallen-Cooper, M., Nakagawa, S., & Eldridge, D. J. (2019). Foraging Pits of a Reintroduced Ecosystem Engineer, the Eastern Bettong, Have Divergent Effects on Soil Chemistry in Sub-humid Temperate Woodland. PLOS ONE, 14(8), e0220953.
Irrelevant

Mallen-Cooper, M., Nakagawa, S., & Eldridge, D. J. (2019). Foraging Pits of a Reintroduced Ecosystem Engineer, the Eastern Bettong, Have Divergent Effects on Soil Chemistry in Sub-humid Temperate Woodland. PLOS ONE, 14(8), e0220953.

View Source
Preview of Prober, S. M., & Lunt, I. D. (2009). Restoration of Themeda australis Swards Suppresses Soil Nitrate and Enhances Ecological Resistance to Invasion by Exotic Annuals. Biological Invasions, 11(2), 171–181.
Prober, S. M., & Lunt, I. D. (2009). Restoration of Themeda australis Swards Suppresses Soil Nitrate and Enhances Ecological Resistance to Invasion by Exotic Annuals. Biological Invasions, 11(2), 171–181.
Irrelevant

Prober, S. M., & Lunt, I. D. (2009). Restoration of Themeda australis Swards Suppresses Soil Nitrate and Enhances Ecological Resistance to Invasion by Exotic Annuals. Biological Invasions, 11(2), 171–181.

View Source
Preview of Soil microbial biomass, activity and community composition in adjacent native and plantation forests of subtropical Australia | Request PDF - ResearchGate
Soil microbial biomass, activity and community composition in adjacent native and plantation forests of subtropical Australia | Request PDF - ResearchGate
Direct Evidence GreyLiterature

Hasegawa, S., Crous, K. Y., & Macdonald, C. A. (2015). Elevated Carbon Dioxide Increases Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability in a Phosphorus-Limited Eucalyptus Woodland. Global Change Biology, 21(11), 4165–4177.

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Context

  • Region Australia
  • Biome Temperate Dry Woodlands & Native Grasslands
  • Land Use Conservation / Protected Natural Areas
  • Assessment Rehabilitation Target
  • Vegetation Woodland
  • Evidence Type DegradationThreshold

Lifecycle

  • Status Active
  • Version 1
  • Effective From 20 Jun 2026

Notes

Pinpoints the physiological and geochemical boundaries where extreme soil acidity causes nutrient lockup, posing a barrier to native vegetation restoration.