Invasive Species Presence

AUS-TSW-AGR-ISP General Moderate confidence

Benchmark Value

100 plant/m²
Direction: Lower is desirable ↓
Form: MaximumOnly

Scoring Curve

This curve shows how a field measurement for this indicator would score across all available benchmark forms in this context.

Evidence & Context

In cropping systems, densities exceeding 100 plants/m² are considered highly competitive, capable of causing significant yield loss

Metric Definition:

The density of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) at which it becomes highly competitive and causes significant yield loss.

Benchmark Definition:

High-density threshold for Annual Ryegrass in cropping systems.

Justification:

Densities above this level are capable of causing significant yield loss and high seed production.

Sources (1)

Preview of section 6: profiles of common weeds of cropping - grdc, accessed July 7, 2025
section 6: profiles of common weeds of cropping - grdc, accessed July 7, 2025 Journal

section 6: profiles of common weeds of cropping - grdc, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source

Supporting Sources (53)

Additional references from the underlying research that informed this benchmark.

Preview of (PDF) Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) as an invader and threat to biodiversity in arid environments: A review - ResearchGate, accessed July 7, 2025
(PDF) Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) as an invader and threat to biodiversity in arid environments: A review - ResearchGate, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Direct Evidence Journal

Buffel Grass - Management Guide for Central Australia - Northern Territory Government, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of (PDF) Weed management in wide‐row cropping systems: a review of current practices and risks for Australian farming systems - ResearchGate, accessed July 7, 2025
(PDF) Weed management in wide‐row cropping systems: a review of current practices and risks for Australian farming systems - ResearchGate, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Methodology Source Journal

(PDF) Weed management in wide‐row cropping systems: a review of current practices and risks for Australian farming systems - ResearchGate, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of African lovegrass - Australian Wool Innovation, accessed July 7, 2025
African lovegrass - Australian Wool Innovation, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

African lovegrass - Australian Wool Innovation, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of African lovegrass - Department of Primary Industries and Regions South Australia - PIRSA, accessed July 7, 2025
African lovegrass - Department of Primary Industries and Regions South Australia - PIRSA, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Government

African lovegrass - Department of Primary Industries and Regions South Australia - PIRSA, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of African Lovegrass - Shire of Northam, accessed July 7, 2025
African Lovegrass - Shire of Northam, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support

African Lovegrass - Shire of Northam, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of African lovegrass management - Upper Snowy Landcare, accessed July 7, 2025
African lovegrass management - Upper Snowy Landcare, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Methodology Source Journal

African lovegrass - Department of Primary Industries and Regions South Australia - PIRSA, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of African Lovegrass, Weeping Lovegrass, Weeping Love Grass, Boer Lovegrass, Weeping Grass - Weeds Australia, accessed July 7, 2025
African Lovegrass, Weeping Lovegrass, Weeping Love Grass, Boer Lovegrass, Weeping Grass - Weeds Australia, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Invasive Species in Australia, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Amberly Farm John and Carol Lilleyman - Soils For Life, accessed July 7, 2025
Amberly Farm John and Carol Lilleyman - Soils For Life, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Direct Evidence

Australian Weeds Strategy 2017-2027 - Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of An overview of the ecology, management and conservation of Australia's temperate woodlands | Request PDF - ResearchGate, accessed July 15, 2025
An overview of the ecology, management and conservation of Australia's temperate woodlands | Request PDF - ResearchGate, accessed July 15, 2025
Contextual Support

What Can We Learn From Weeds - Weeds & soils, as dynamic accumulators - Regenerative Agriculture Blog, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Australian Weeds Strategy 2017 to 2027 - MidCoast Council, accessed July 6, 2025,
Australian Weeds Strategy 2017 to 2027 - MidCoast Council, accessed July 6, 2025,
Direct Evidence Journal

Managing noxious weeds | Legislation, policy and permits | Protecting Victoria | Biosecurity, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Buffel Grass - Management Guide for Central Australia - Northern Territory Government, accessed July 7, 2025
Buffel Grass - Management Guide for Central Australia - Northern Territory Government, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support

Buffel Grass - Management Guide for Central Australia - Northern Territory Government, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of CSIRO report: Fighting Plagues and Predators - Invasive Species Council, accessed July 7, 2025
CSIRO report: Fighting Plagues and Predators - Invasive Species Council, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Invasive species, problematic native species, and diseases | Australia state of the environment 2021, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Developing an integrated weed management (IWM) plan | Agriculture and Food, accessed July 6, 2025,
Developing an integrated weed management (IWM) plan | Agriculture and Food, accessed July 6, 2025,
Contextual Support Methodology Source

INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIAN CROPPING SYSTEMS - Amazon S3, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Do regenerative grazing management practices improve vegetation and soil health in grazed rangelands? Preliminary insights from a space-for-time study in the Great Barrier Reef catchments, Australia - CSIRO Publishing, accessed August 5, 2025,
Do regenerative grazing management practices improve vegetation and soil health in grazed rangelands? Preliminary insights from a space-for-time study in the Great Barrier Reef catchments, Australia - CSIRO Publishing, accessed August 5, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Ludwig, J.A., Bastin, G.N., Chewings, V.H., Eager, R.W., and Liedloff, A.C. (2005). Clearing savannas for use as rangelands in Queensland: Altered landscapes and water-erosion processes. Rangeland Journal, 27(2), 135-149.

View Source
Preview of E.PDS.1410 Gibberellic Acid Final Report - Agriculture Victoria, accessed July 7, 2025
E.PDS.1410 Gibberellic Acid Final Report - Agriculture Victoria, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

E.PDS.1410 Gibberellic Acid Final Report - Agriculture Victoria, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Environmental Weeds in Australia - Australian National Botanic Gardens, accessed July 7, 2025
Environmental Weeds in Australia - Australian National Botanic Gardens, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Government

Environmental Weeds in Australia - Australian National Botanic Gardens, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Expert commentary: Invasive species driving Australian biodiversity loss - CSIRO, accessed July 13, 2025
Expert commentary: Invasive species driving Australian biodiversity loss - CSIRO, accessed July 13, 2025
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Fighting Plagues and Predators - CSIRO, accessed August 11, 2025

View Source
Preview of Fighting Plagues and Predators - CSIRO, accessed August 12, 2025,
Fighting Plagues and Predators - CSIRO, accessed August 12, 2025,
Contextual Support Government

Fighting Plagues and Predators - CSIRO

View Source
Preview of Grazing management systems - Local Land Services - NSW Government, accessed July 7, 2025
Grazing management systems - Local Land Services - NSW Government, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Government

Do regenerative grazing management practices improve vegetation and soil health in grazed rangelands? Preliminary insights from a space-for-time study in the Great Barrier Reef catchments, Australia - CSIRO Publishing, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of GRDC FOCUS DELIVERS GAINS IN HERBICIDE RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT - WeedSmart, accessed July 7, 2025
GRDC FOCUS DELIVERS GAINS IN HERBICIDE RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT - WeedSmart, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Methodology Source Journal

GRDC FOCUS DELIVERS GAINS IN HERBICIDE RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT - WeedSmart, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of GRDC launches $47M weed management initiative for growers | GroundCover, accessed July 7, 2025
GRDC launches $47M weed management initiative for growers | GroundCover, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

GRDC launches $47M weed-management initiative - Grain Central, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of GRDC launches $47M weed-management initiative - Grain Central, accessed July 7, 2025
GRDC launches $47M weed-management initiative - Grain Central, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

GRDC launches $47M weed-management initiative - Grain Central, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Green on brown case study: Precision weed management - GRDC, accessed July 7, 2025
Green on brown case study: Precision weed management - GRDC, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Methodology Source GreyLiterature

Green on brown case study: Precision weed management - GRDC, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Ground Covers and Weed Management for Regenerative Farming and Ranching, accessed July 18, 2025,
Ground Covers and Weed Management for Regenerative Farming and Ranching, accessed July 18, 2025,
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Amberly Farm John and Carol Lilleyman - Soils For Life, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of How Buffel Grass Roots Prevent Soil Erosion Sustainably - Farmonaut, accessed July 7, 2025
How Buffel Grass Roots Prevent Soil Erosion Sustainably - Farmonaut, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

How Buffel Grass Roots Prevent Soil Erosion Sustainably - Farmonaut, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Impact of Rotational Sequence Selection on Weed Seedbank Composition in Australian Broadacre Crops - MDPI, accessed July 7, 2025
Impact of Rotational Sequence Selection on Weed Seedbank Composition in Australian Broadacre Crops - MDPI, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Weed Control for Croppping and Pastures in Central West NSW, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Integrated weed management - Weeds Australia, accessed July 7, 2025
Integrated weed management - Weeds Australia, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Methodology Source Government

Manage pasture species - Use annuals and protect perennials. - Local Land Services, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Invasive species and their impacts on agri-ecosystems - CSIRO PUBLISHING | The Rangeland Journal, accessed July 7, 2025
Invasive species and their impacts on agri-ecosystems - CSIRO PUBLISHING | The Rangeland Journal, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Expert commentary: Invasive species driving Australian biodiversity loss - CSIRO

View Source
Preview of Invasive species in Australia - Wikipedia, accessed July 6, 2025,
Invasive species in Australia - Wikipedia, accessed July 6, 2025,
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Invasive species in Australia - Wikipedia, accessed July 30, 2025

View Source
Preview of Invasive Species in Australia, accessed August 12, 2025,
Invasive Species in Australia, accessed August 12, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Alien plant species invasive in Kakadu National Park, Tropical Northern Australia, accessed July 23, 2025

View Source
Preview of Invasive species, problematic native species, and diseases ..., accessed May 20, 2025,
Invasive species, problematic native species, and diseases ..., accessed May 20, 2025,
Contextual Support Government

National RD&E Priorities for Invasive Plants and Animals, accessed July 27, 2025

View Source
Preview of Manage pasture species - Use annuals and protect perennials. - Local Land Services, accessed July 7, 2025
Manage pasture species - Use annuals and protect perennials. - Local Land Services, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support

Manage pasture species - Use annuals and protect perennials. - Local Land Services, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Managing noxious weeds | Legislation, policy and permits | Protecting Victoria | Biosecurity, accessed July 7, 2025
Managing noxious weeds | Legislation, policy and permits | Protecting Victoria | Biosecurity, accessed July 7, 2025
Regulatory Framework Government

Reducing Risk, Securing the Future NSW Invasive Species Management Review Preliminary Report August 2024, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Mapping Presence and Predicting Phenological Status of Invasive Buffelgrass in Southern Arizona Using MODIS, Climate and Citizen Science Observation Data - MDPI, accessed July 7, 2025
Mapping Presence and Predicting Phenological Status of Invasive Buffelgrass in Southern Arizona Using MODIS, Climate and Citizen Science Observation Data - MDPI, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Mapping Presence and Predicting Phenological Status of Invasive Buffelgrass in Southern Arizona Using MODIS, Climate and Citizen Science Observation Data - MDPI, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Native grasses and pastures - Agriculture Victoria, accessed July 7, 2025
Native grasses and pastures - Agriculture Victoria, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Government

Grazing management systems - Local Land Services - NSW Government, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of NVIS Fact sheet MVG 19 6 Tussock grasslands, accessed July 16, 2025,
NVIS Fact sheet MVG 19 6 Tussock grasslands, accessed July 16, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Understanding soil pH, accessed August 28, 2025

View Source
Preview of Pasture health kit - Making More From Sheep, accessed July 7, 2025
Pasture health kit - Making More From Sheep, accessed July 7, 2025
Direct Evidence Journal

Pasture health kit - Making More From Sheep, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Paterson's Curse - Management, accessed July 7, 2025
Paterson's Curse - Management, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Paterson's Curse - Management, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Paterson's curse - NSW Department of Primary Industries, accessed July 7, 2025
Paterson's curse - NSW Department of Primary Industries, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Paterson's curse (Echium plantagineum) - NSW WeedWise, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Paterson's curse (Echium plantagineum) - NSW WeedWise, accessed July 7, 2025
Paterson's curse (Echium plantagineum) - NSW WeedWise, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Government

Environmental Weeds in Australia - Australian National Botanic Gardens, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Paterson's Curse, Salvation Jane, Purple Bugloss, Blue Echium, Blueweed, Blue Weed, Lady Campbell Weed, Plantain-leaf Viper's Bugloss, Purple Echium, Riverina Bluebell - Weeds Australia, accessed July 7, 2025
Paterson's Curse, Salvation Jane, Purple Bugloss, Blue Echium, Blueweed, Blue Weed, Lady Campbell Weed, Plantain-leaf Viper's Bugloss, Purple Echium, Riverina Bluebell - Weeds Australia, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Paterson's Curse - Management, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of patersons-curse-case-studies.pdf - Australian Wool Innovation, accessed July 7, 2025
patersons-curse-case-studies.pdf - Australian Wool Innovation, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

African lovegrass management - Upper Snowy Landcare, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Ranking buffel: Comparative risk and mitigation costs of key ..., accessed July 6, 2025,
Ranking buffel: Comparative risk and mitigation costs of key ..., accessed July 6, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

The battle against buffel: protecting Country and culture - Arid Lands Environment Centre, accessed August 2, 2025

View Source
Preview of Reducing Risk, Securing the Future NSW Invasive Species Management Review Preliminary Report August 2024, accessed July 7, 2025
Reducing Risk, Securing the Future NSW Invasive Species Management Review Preliminary Report August 2024, accessed July 7, 2025
Direct Evidence Journal

feral animal control Archives - Invasive Species Council, accessed July 30, 2025

View Source
Preview of Simulating the population dynamics of barley grass (Hordeum spp.) and impacts of weed management strategies in a southern Australian lucerne (Medicago sativa) pasture - CSIRO Publishing, accessed July 7, 2025
Simulating the population dynamics of barley grass (Hordeum spp.) and impacts of weed management strategies in a southern Australian lucerne (Medicago sativa) pasture - CSIRO Publishing, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Direct Evidence Journal

Pasture health kit - Making More From Sheep, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Southeast Australia Temperate Forests | One Earth, accessed August 12, 2025,
Southeast Australia Temperate Forests | One Earth, accessed August 12, 2025,
Contextual Support

Birds, Bats or Climate? Eucalypt Floral Traits Reflect Pollination Over Abiotic Environment - PMC - PubMed Central, accessed August 28, 2025

View Source
Preview of The ecological consequences of Buffel Grass Cenchrus ciliaris establishment within remnant vegetation of Queensland - ResearchGate, accessed July 7, 2025
The ecological consequences of Buffel Grass Cenchrus ciliaris establishment within remnant vegetation of Queensland - ResearchGate, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Direct Evidence Journal

Ranking buffel: Comparative risk and mitigation costs of key environmental and socio‐cultural threats in central Australia, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of The impacts of invasive plant species on biodiversity of Australian ..., accessed May 20, 2025,
The impacts of invasive plant species on biodiversity of Australian ..., accessed May 20, 2025,
Contextual Support

Identifying thresholds in the impacts of an invasive groundcover on native vegetation - PMC

View Source
Preview of Weed Control for Croppping and Pastures in Central West NSW, accessed July 7, 2025
Weed Control for Croppping and Pastures in Central West NSW, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support

Weed Control for Croppping and Pastures in Central West NSW, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Weed control hub | Meat & Livestock Australia - MLA, accessed July 7, 2025
Weed control hub | Meat & Livestock Australia - MLA, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Methodology Source Government

Weed control hub | Meat & Livestock Australia - MLA, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of Weed Management Initiative - GRDC, accessed July 7, 2025
Weed Management Initiative - GRDC, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Methodology Source Government

The impacts of invasive plant species on biodiversity of Australian rangelands, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of What Can We Learn From Weeds - Weeds & soils, as dynamic accumulators - Regenerative Agriculture Blog, accessed July 7, 2025
What Can We Learn From Weeds - Weeds & soils, as dynamic accumulators - Regenerative Agriculture Blog, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Methodology Source

Ground Covers and Weed Management for Regenerative Farming and Ranching, accessed July 7, 2025

View Source
Preview of www.publish.csiro.au, accessed May 20, 2025,
www.publish.csiro.au, accessed May 20, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Invasive species: One of the top three threats to Australian biodiversity, accessed July 30, 2025

View Source

Context

  • Region Australia
  • Biome Temperate Semi-Arid Shrublands & Open Woodlands
  • Land Use Agricultural Crop Production
  • Assessment Not Stated
  • Evidence Type DegradationThreshold

Lifecycle

  • Status Active
  • Version 1
  • Effective From 30 May 2026

Notes

AssessmentContext defaulted to 'Not Stated' because the source document did not state one.

Related Benchmarks

Other benchmarks in the AUS-TSW-AGR-ISP family.

— presence/absence High
Agricultural Crop Production · Pristine Reference
CompositeFramework Active v1
5 plant/m² Moderate
Agricultural Crop Production · Not Stated
MaximumOnly Active v1