Water Turbidity

AUS-TDG-LVG-WTU General Moderate confidence

Benchmark Value

5 NTU
Range: — to 5 NTU
Thresholds: Lower: —, Upper: 5
Optimal Range: — to 5
Direction: Lower is desirable ↓
Form: MaximumOnly

Scoring Curve

This curve shows how a field measurement for this indicator would score across all available benchmark forms in this context.

Evidence & Context

The derived benchmark, reflecting high environmental health, is proposed as 65 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) for upland streams and 610 NTU for lowland streams, representative of median or typical baseflow to moderate flow conditions.

Metric Definition:

Water turbidity measured in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) representing the clarity of water in streams/rivers.

Benchmark Definition:

This benchmark represents the maximum water turbidity level for upland streams in temperate dry woodlands and native grasslands under sustainable livestock grazing, indicating high environmental health and water clarity.

Justification:

Derived from interpretation of established national and state guidelines focusing on their lower ranges associated with well-vegetated catchments and minimal disturbance.

Sources (1)

Preview of Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water ..., accessed May 13, 2025,
Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water ..., accessed May 13, 2025, Journal

Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water ..., accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source

Supporting Sources (22)

Additional references from the underlying research that informed this benchmark.

Preview of Ambient Water Quality Monitoring of South Australia's Rivers and Streams - EPA SA, accessed July 13, 2025,
Ambient Water Quality Monitoring of South Australia's Rivers and Streams - EPA SA, accessed July 13, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Ambient Water Quality Monitoring of South Australia's Rivers and Streams - EPA SA, accessed July 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of case study 7: south east queensland healthy waterways partnership - DCCEEW, accessed May 13, 2025,
case study 7: south east queensland healthy waterways partnership - DCCEEW, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

case study 7: south east queensland healthy waterways partnership - DCCEEW, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of communities.unep.org, accessed May 15, 2025,
communities.unep.org, accessed May 15, 2025,
Contextual Support

Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality

View Source
Preview of DEVELOPING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR SUSPENDED AND BEDDED SEDIMENTS (SABS) | US EPA ARCHIVE DOCUMENT, accessed May 13, 2025,
DEVELOPING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR SUSPENDED AND BEDDED SEDIMENTS (SABS) | US EPA ARCHIVE DOCUMENT, accessed May 13, 2025,
Methodology Source Journal

DEVELOPING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR SUSPENDED AND BEDDED SEDIMENTS (SABS) | US EPA ARCHIVE DOCUMENT, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Ecosystems | Australia state of the environment 2021, accessed August 5, 2025,
Ecosystems | Australia state of the environment 2021, accessed August 5, 2025,
Contextual Support Government

Ecosystems | Australia state of the environment 2021, accessed July 21, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Environmental Factors Affecting Australia's Livestock Industries - MLA, accessed August 8, 2025
Environmental Factors Affecting Australia's Livestock Industries - MLA, accessed August 8, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Environmental Factors Affecting Australia's Livestock Industries - MLA, accessed July 10, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Environmental Protection (Water and Wetland Biodiversity) Policy 2019 | Environment, accessed May 13, 2025,
Environmental Protection (Water and Wetland Biodiversity) Policy 2019 | Environment, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support Regulatory Framework

Environmental Protection (Water and Wetland Biodiversity) Policy 2019 | Environment, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Feral horses (Equus caballus) increase suspended sediment in subalpine streams - CSIRO Publishing, accessed May 13, 2025,
Feral horses (Equus caballus) increase suspended sediment in subalpine streams - CSIRO Publishing, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support Direct Evidence Journal

Feral horses (Equus caballus) increase suspended sediment in subalpine streams - CSIRO Publishing, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of National Guidelines for Water Quality - Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania, accessed August 1, 2025,
National Guidelines for Water Quality - Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania, accessed August 1, 2025,
Contextual Support

Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water ...

View Source
Preview of Overgrazing & Reducing Grazing Pressure | Bush Heritage Australia, accessed July 30, 2025,
Overgrazing & Reducing Grazing Pressure | Bush Heritage Australia, accessed July 30, 2025,
Contextual Support

STOCK RESERVE - The Norfolk Islander, accessed July 30, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Regenerative Agriculture and Livestock Integration on Australian Cattle Farms, accessed May 13, 2025,
Regenerative Agriculture and Livestock Integration on Australian Cattle Farms, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support

Regenerative Agriculture and Livestock Integration on Australian Cattle Farms, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Riparian restoration 6 ANU Sustainable Farms, accessed May 13, 2025,
Riparian restoration 6 ANU Sustainable Farms, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Riparian restoration 6 ANU Sustainable Farms, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Section 8 6 Responsible Grazing 6 Stock And Waterways, accessed May 13, 2025,
Section 8 6 Responsible Grazing 6 Stock And Waterways, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Section 8 6 Responsible Grazing 6 Stock And Waterways, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Sedimentation sifted out of pollution priorities - Griffith News, accessed May 13, 2025,
Sedimentation sifted out of pollution priorities - Griffith News, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Sedimentation sifted out of pollution priorities - Griffith News, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Temperate Grasslands - Greening Australia, accessed August 4, 2025
Temperate Grasslands - Greening Australia, accessed August 4, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Managing natural areas | City of Gold Coast, accessed May 19, 2025

View Source
Preview of The Regional Distribution and Significance of Stream Turbidity in Victoria - CORE, accessed May 13, 2025,
The Regional Distribution and Significance of Stream Turbidity in Victoria - CORE, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support

The Regional Distribution and Significance of Stream Turbidity in Victoria - CORE, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Water quality for farm water supplies | Managing dams - Agriculture Victoria, accessed August 1, 2025,
Water quality for farm water supplies | Managing dams - Agriculture Victoria, accessed August 1, 2025,
Contextual Support Government

Water quality for farm water supplies | Managing dams - Agriculture Victoria, accessed August 1, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Water Quality Objectives - Border Rivers - NSW Government, accessed August 12, 2025
Water Quality Objectives - Border Rivers - NSW Government, accessed August 12, 2025
Contextual Support Government

(PDF) Impact of mitigated forestry activities on turbidity: assessing ..., accessed August 10, 2025

View Source
Preview of Water Quality Objectives - Murray River catchment (NSW), accessed May 13, 2025,
Water Quality Objectives - Murray River catchment (NSW), accessed May 13, 2025,
Direct Evidence Regulatory Framework Government

Murray River catchment (NSW) Water Quality Objectives explained, accessed August 10, 2025

View Source
Preview of Water quality of surface water environments - NSW Government Water, accessed August 1, 2025,
Water quality of surface water environments - NSW Government Water, accessed August 1, 2025,
Contextual Support Government

National Guidelines for Water Quality | Department of Natural ...

View Source
Preview of Woodlands - DCCEEW, accessed May 13, 2025,
Woodlands - DCCEEW, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support

Woodlands - DCCEEW, accessed May 13, 2025,

Preview of www.rcsaustralia.com.au, accessed May 13, 2025,
www.rcsaustralia.com.au, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support

www.rcsaustralia.com.au, accessed May 13, 2025,

Context

  • Region Australia
  • Biome Temperate Dry Woodlands & Native Grasslands
  • Land Use Livestock Grazing & Pasture
  • Assessment Conservation Target
  • Evidence Type ReferenceCondition

Lifecycle

  • Status Active
  • Version 1
  • Effective From 15 Mar 2026

Notes

Represents median or typical baseflow to moderate flow conditions. Positioned at the very low end of the ANZECC/NSW ranges for slightly disturbed systems.

Related Benchmarks

Other benchmarks in the AUS-TDG-LVG-WTU family.

10 NTU Moderate
Livestock Grazing & Pasture · Conservation Target
MaximumOnly Active v1
— NTU High
Livestock Grazing & Pasture · Pristine Reference
OptimalRange Active v1
25 NTU Moderate
Livestock Grazing & Pasture · Pristine Reference
UpperThreshold Active v1
50 NTU Moderate
Livestock Grazing & Pasture · Pristine Reference
UpperThreshold Active v1
— NTU Moderate
Livestock Grazing & Pasture · Pristine Reference
OptimalRange Superseded v1