Water Electrical Conductivity (EC)

AUS-TSR-AQU-WEC General Moderate confidence

Benchmark Value

110 µS/cm
Direction: Lower is desirable ↓
Form: Point

Scoring Curve

This curve shows how a field measurement for this indicator would score across all available benchmark forms in this context. The scoring engine uses 13 benchmarks together — the OptimalRange form drives the primary score, while 12 guard(s) constrain the result.

Contributing Benchmarks

OptimalRange Primary OptimalRange Guard MinimumOnly Guard MaximumOnly Guard Point Guard MinimumOnly Guard MaximumOnly Guard Point Guard OptimalRange Guard MaximumOnly Guard OptimalRange Guard MinimumOnly Guard MaximumOnly Guard

Evidence & Context

The benchmark value is derived from the most robust and relevant reference ecosystem data available: the multi-site survey of 75 minimally disturbed forest streams located throughout the Queensland Wet Tropics, which reported a natural EC range of 20.0 to 110.9 µS/cm.

Metric Definition:

Water Electrical Conductivity (EC) in freshwater streams

Benchmark Definition:

This benchmark represents the upper boundary of natural water electrical conductivity in minimally disturbed tropical rainforest streams, serving as a target for sustainable aquaculture operations to avoid degradation.

Justification:

The benchmark is based on high-quality reference data from minimally disturbed tropical rainforest catchments, representing the natural baseline for these ecosystems.

Sources (1)

Preview of Ecology of streams in a biogeographic isolate—the Queensland Wet Tropics, Australia | Freshwater Science: Vol 34, No 2, accessed July 22, 2025,
Ecology of streams in a biogeographic isolate—the Queensland Wet Tropics, Australia | Freshwater Science: Vol 34, No 2, accessed July 22, 2025, Journal

Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality (ANZECC/ARMCANZ)

View Source

Supporting Sources (23)

Additional references from the underlying research that informed this benchmark.

Preview of (PDF) Effects of increasing salinity on freshwater ecosystems in Australia - ResearchGate, accessed August 11, 2025,
(PDF) Effects of increasing salinity on freshwater ecosystems in Australia - ResearchGate, accessed August 11, 2025,
Direct Evidence GreyLiterature

(PDF) Effects of increasing salinity on freshwater ecosystems in Australia - ResearchGate

View Source
Preview of (PDF) Relationship between conductivity and analysed composition in a large set of natural surface-water samples, Queensland, Australia - ResearchGate, accessed July 21, 2025
(PDF) Relationship between conductivity and analysed composition in a large set of natural surface-water samples, Queensland, Australia - ResearchGate, accessed July 21, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

(PDF) Relationship between conductivity and analysed composition in a large set of natural surface-water samples, Queensland, Australia - ResearchGate, accessed July 21, 2025

View Source
Preview of (PDF) Water Quality Degradation of Coastal Waterways in the Wet Tropics, Australia, accessed August 2, 2025,
(PDF) Water Quality Degradation of Coastal Waterways in the Wet Tropics, Australia, accessed August 2, 2025,
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Ecology of streams in a biogeographic isolate 6the Queensland Wet Tropics, Australia, accessed July 21, 2025

View Source
Preview of A Bayesian approach to understanding the key factors influencing temporal variability in stream water quality – a case study in the Great Barrier Reef catchments - HESS
A Bayesian approach to understanding the key factors influencing temporal variability in stream water quality – a case study in the Great Barrier Reef catchments - HESS
Contextual Support Journal

(PDF) Water Quality Degradation of Coastal Waterways in the Wet Tropics, Australia, accessed July 21, 2025

View Source
Preview of A review of water quality studies relevant to northern Australia - CSIRO, accessed July 21, 2025
A review of water quality studies relevant to northern Australia - CSIRO, accessed July 21, 2025
Contextual Support

Review and conceptual models of agricultural impacts and water quality in waterways of the Great Barrier Reef catchment area - CSIRO PUBLISHING | Marine and Freshwater Research, accessed July 21, 2025

View Source
Preview of A review of water quality studies relevant to northern Australia - CSIRO, accessed July 21, 2025,
A review of water quality studies relevant to northern Australia - CSIRO, accessed July 21, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Salinity and water quality

View Source
Preview of All About Salinity - Environment and Heritage, accessed August 11, 2025
All About Salinity - Environment and Heritage, accessed August 11, 2025
Contextual Support

All About Salinity - Environment and Heritage, accessed August 11, 2025

View Source
Preview of An Aquaculture Industry for Queensland, accessed July 21, 2025
An Aquaculture Industry for Queensland, accessed July 21, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

NSW Land Based Sustainable Aquaculture Strategy

View Source
Preview of Australia Freshwater Ecology, Processes and Management | Request PDF - ResearchGate
Australia Freshwater Ecology, Processes and Management | Request PDF - ResearchGate
Contextual Support Journal

The Ecological and Hydrological Significance of Ephemeral and Intermittent Streams in the Arid and Semi-arid American Southwest - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

View Source
Preview of Best Pratice Environmental Management Guidelines for ... - VFA, accessed July 20, 2025,
Best Pratice Environmental Management Guidelines for ... - VFA, accessed July 20, 2025,
Contextual Support Government

Best Pratice Environmental Management Guidelines for ... - VFA

View Source
Preview of Compilation of riverine water quality data from the Great Barrier Reef catchment area, northeastern Australia - PubMed Central
Compilation of riverine water quality data from the Great Barrier Reef catchment area, northeastern Australia - PubMed Central
Methodology Source GreyLiterature

Compilation of riverine water quality data from the Great Barrier Reef catchment area, northeastern Australia - PubMed Central, accessed July 21, 2025

View Source
Preview of Default guideline values - Water Quality Australia, accessed August 12, 2025
Default guideline values - Water Quality Australia, accessed August 12, 2025
Contextual Support Government

ANZECC (2000) Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality.

View Source
Preview of Default guideline values - Water Quality Australia, accessed July 21, 2025
Default guideline values - Water Quality Australia, accessed July 21, 2025
Contextual Support

Great Barrier Reef Water Quality: Current Issues - GBRMPA eLibrary, accessed July 21, 2025

View Source
Preview of Diatom–water quality thresholds in South Australian streams indicate a need for more stringent water quality guidelines - CSIRO PUBLISHING | Marine and Freshwater Research, accessed May 15, 2025,
Diatom–water quality thresholds in South Australian streams indicate a need for more stringent water quality guidelines - CSIRO PUBLISHING | Marine and Freshwater Research, accessed May 15, 2025,
Direct Evidence Journal

Diatom–water quality thresholds in South Australian streams indicate a need for more stringent water quality guidelines - CSIRO PUBLISHING | Marine and Freshwater Research

View Source
Preview of Land-use effects on water quality in an intensively managed catchment in the Australian humid tropics - CSIRO PUBLISHING | Marine and Freshwater Research, accessed July 21, 2025
Land-use effects on water quality in an intensively managed catchment in the Australian humid tropics - CSIRO PUBLISHING | Marine and Freshwater Research, accessed July 21, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Ion regulation in fish gills: recent progress in the cellular and molecular mechanisms

View Source
Preview of Model operating conditions ERA 01 - Aquaculture, accessed July 21, 2025
Model operating conditions ERA 01 - Aquaculture, accessed July 21, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Model operating conditions ERA 01 - Aquaculture, accessed July 21, 2025

View Source
Preview of Queensland Aquaculture Strategy 2024–2034
Queensland Aquaculture Strategy 2024–2034
Contextual Support Journal

NSW Marine Waters Sustainable Aquaculture Strategy

View Source
Preview of Rainforest People Help Monitor Water Quality - Terrain NRM, accessed July 21, 2025
Rainforest People Help Monitor Water Quality - Terrain NRM, accessed July 21, 2025
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Rainforest People Help Monitor Water Quality - Terrain NRM, accessed July 21, 2025

View Source
Preview of Search for environmental authorities | Queensland Government, accessed July 21, 2025
Search for environmental authorities | Queensland Government, accessed July 21, 2025
Regulatory Framework Government

Environmental authorities - Queensland Environment Department, accessed July 21, 2025

View Source
Preview of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network TERN Australia - Queensland science, accessed July 30, 2025,
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network TERN Australia - Queensland science, accessed July 30, 2025,
Direct Evidence Government

Australian National Soil Information System

View Source
Preview of The influence of riparian vegetation on water quality in a mixed land use river basin - UQ eSpace, accessed July 18, 2025,
The influence of riparian vegetation on water quality in a mixed land use river basin - UQ eSpace, accessed July 18, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Queensland Aquaculture Strategy 2024–2034, accessed July 21, 2025

View Source
Preview of Tour TERN's rainforest monitoring SuperSite | TERN Australia, accessed July 22, 2025
Tour TERN's rainforest monitoring SuperSite | TERN Australia, accessed July 22, 2025
Contextual Support Government

Robson Creek Flux Data Release 2022_v2 - TERN Data Discovery Portal

View Source
Preview of Towards Environmental Sustainability in Marine Finfish Aquaculture - Frontiers, accessed July 21, 2025
Towards Environmental Sustainability in Marine Finfish Aquaculture - Frontiers, accessed July 21, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Sustainability - MainStream Aquaculture, accessed July 21, 2025

View Source

Context

  • Region Australia
  • Biome Tropical & Subtropical Rainforests
  • Land Use Aquaculture
  • Assessment Not Stated
  • Evidence Type ReferenceCondition

Lifecycle

  • Status Active
  • Version 1
  • Effective From 5 Jun 2026

Notes

The benchmark is a proxy derived from reference ecosystem data due to lack of direct data from best-practice aquaculture sites. The value represents the upper boundary of the typical natural range, providing a target for sustainable operations. Increasing EC indicates degradation, with early warning and significant harm thresholds at ~280 µS/cm and ~1500 µS/cm respectively. AssessmentContext defaulted to 'Not Stated' because the source document did not state one.

Related Benchmarks

Other benchmarks in the AUS-TSR-AQU-WEC family.

1500 µS/cm Moderate
Aquaculture · Not Stated
MaximumOnly Active v2
— µS/cm Moderate
Aquaculture · Not Stated
OptimalRange Active v1
280 µS/cm Moderate
Aquaculture · Not Stated
MaximumOnly Superseded v1