Soil Moisture

AUS-ASP-AGR-SMO General Moderate confidence

Benchmark Value

No specific value — see range
Range: 50 to 80 % VWC
Optimal Range: 50 to 80
Direction: Higher is desirable ↑
Form: OptimalRange

Scoring Curve

Scoring curve unavailable

The scoring engine could not generate a curve for this benchmark context. The primary form is CompositeFramework, but the benchmark data may be missing required fields (e.g., optimal range bounds for an OptimalRange benchmark). This is typically a data quality issue in the benchmark pipeline.

Contributing Benchmarks

CompositeFramework Primary OptimalRange Guard OptimalRange Guard MinimumOnly Guard OptimalRange Guard MinimumOnly Guard

Evidence & Context

The reference value for a system in high environmental health is the sustained maintenance of topsoil moisture within the range of 50–80% of the soil's Plant Available Water Capacity (PAWC) during the primary growing season.

Metric Definition:

Soil moisture expressed as a percentage of the soil's Plant Available Water Capacity (PAWC) during the primary growing season.

Benchmark Definition:

Optimal soil moisture range relative to PAWC that supports resilient ecosystem processes and maximizes water use efficiency in arid shrublands under agricultural crop production.

Justification:

This range ensures water is readily available for plant uptake and microbial activity without inducing anaerobic stress or significant nutrient leaching.

Sources (1)

Preview of Global critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress - PMC, accessed July 19, 2025,
Global critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress - PMC, accessed July 19, 2025, Journal

Global critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress - PMC, accessed July 20, 2025

View Source

Supporting Sources (35)

Additional references from the underlying research that informed this benchmark.

Preview of (PDF) Agricultural production system in arid and semi-arid regions - ResearchGate
(PDF) Agricultural production system in arid and semi-arid regions - ResearchGate
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

(PDF) Agricultural production system in arid and semi-arid regions - ResearchGate

View Source
Preview of A Health Check for our Agricultural Soils - Enviro Data SA, accessed July 16, 2025,
A Health Check for our Agricultural Soils - Enviro Data SA, accessed July 16, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

A Health Check for our Agricultural Soils - Enviro Data SA

View Source
Preview of Chapter 8 - ET c under soil water stress conditions
Chapter 8 - ET c under soil water stress conditions
Irrelevant

Chapter 8 - ET c under soil water stress conditions

View Source
Preview of Critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress in terrestrial ecosystems - PMC
Critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress in terrestrial ecosystems - PMC
Methodology Source Government

Critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress in terrestrial ecosystems - PMC

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Preview of Drought-resistant soils - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Drought-resistant soils - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Contextual Support Government

Drought-resistant soils - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

View Source
Preview of Exploring the Critical Role of Water in Regenerative Agriculture; Building Promises and Avoiding Pitfalls - Frontiers
Exploring the Critical Role of Water in Regenerative Agriculture; Building Promises and Avoiding Pitfalls - Frontiers
Contextual Support Journal

Exploring the Critical Role of Water in Regenerative Agriculture; Building Promises and Avoiding Pitfalls - Frontiers

View Source
Preview of FACTS soil moisture benchmarking tool - Integrated Crop Management
FACTS soil moisture benchmarking tool - Integrated Crop Management
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

FACTS soil moisture benchmarking tool - Integrated Crop Management

View Source
Preview of Farming systems - CSIRO
Farming systems - CSIRO
Contextual Support Journal

Farming systems - CSIRO

View Source
Preview of Find out the Different Types of Soil in Australia - Kelly Tillage AUS, accessed July 6, 2025,
Find out the Different Types of Soil in Australia - Kelly Tillage AUS, accessed July 6, 2025,
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

1301.0 - ABS Feature Articles, 1966 - Australian Bureau of Statistics

View Source
Preview of Global critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress - ResearchGate, accessed August 28, 2025
Global critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress - ResearchGate, accessed August 28, 2025
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Soil moisture as an indicator of growing-season herbaceous fuel moisture and curing rate in grasslands - ResearchGate

View Source
Preview of Healthy Soils for Sustainable Farms | FutureBeef
Healthy Soils for Sustainable Farms | FutureBeef
Contextual Support Journal

Healthy Soils for Sustainable Farms | FutureBeef, accessed August 4, 2025,

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Preview of Improving soil moisture - NSW Department of Primary Industries
Improving soil moisture - NSW Department of Primary Industries
Contextual Support Journal

Improving soil moisture - NSW Department of Primary Industries

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Preview of Living soils in agriculture | TERN Australia
Living soils in agriculture | TERN Australia
Contextual Support Government

Living soils in agriculture | TERN Australia

View Source
Preview of Managing soils - Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, accessed August 12, 2025
Managing soils - Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, accessed August 12, 2025
Contextual Support Government

Repairing gully erosion in Western Australia | Department of Primary ..., accessed July 17, 2025

View Source
Preview of MANAGING SOILS DURING AND AFTER DROUGHT IN CROPPING SYSTEMS - Department for Environment and Water
MANAGING SOILS DURING AND AFTER DROUGHT IN CROPPING SYSTEMS - Department for Environment and Water
Contextual Support Journal

MANAGING SOILS DURING AND AFTER DROUGHT IN CROPPING SYSTEMS - Department for Environment and Water

View Source
Preview of Mapping global critical soil moisture threshold of plant water stress ..., accessed August 9, 2025
Mapping global critical soil moisture threshold of plant water stress ..., accessed August 9, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Waterlogging : how it reduces plant growth and how plants can overcome its effects

View Source
Preview of NATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR RANGELAND MANAGEMENT
NATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR RANGELAND MANAGEMENT
Contextual Support Journal

NATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR RANGELAND MANAGEMENT

View Source
Preview of NATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR RANGELAND MANAGEMENT, accessed August 2, 2025,
NATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR RANGELAND MANAGEMENT, accessed August 2, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Water Quality for Livestock and Poultry - Water quality for agriculture

View Source
Preview of No-Till and Reduced Tillage Farming: Revolutionizing Modern Agriculture Through Sustainable Soil Management
No-Till and Reduced Tillage Farming: Revolutionizing Modern Agriculture Through Sustainable Soil Management
Contextual Support Journal

No-Till and Reduced Tillage Farming: Revolutionizing Modern Agriculture Through Sustainable Soil Management

View Source
Preview of Plant available water capacity of dryland cropping soils in the south-eastern Australia, accessed August 6, 2025
Plant available water capacity of dryland cropping soils in the south-eastern Australia, accessed August 6, 2025
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Plant available water capacity of dryland cropping soils in the south-eastern Australia, accessed August 6, 2025

View Source
Preview of PO 12. Know the relationship between soil water content, soil water tension and soil pore size and the following soil parameters (and qualitatively understand how these parameters vary for different soil types) and their relationships to plant growth and the fate and transport of nutrients and pesticides. - Northeast Region Certified Crop Adviser (NRCCA) Study Resources, accessed July 7, 2025,
PO 12. Know the relationship between soil water content, soil water tension and soil pore size and the following soil parameters (and qualitatively understand how these parameters vary for different soil types) and their relationships to plant growth and the fate and transport of nutrients and pesticides. - Northeast Region Certified Crop Adviser (NRCCA) Study Resources, accessed July 7, 2025,
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Wilting Point Of Crops: Temporary & Permanent Limits - EOS Data Analytics

View Source
Preview of Rain and potential evapotranspiration are the main drivers of yield for wheat and barley in southern Australia: insights from 12 - CSIRO Publishing
Rain and potential evapotranspiration are the main drivers of yield for wheat and barley in southern Australia: insights from 12 - CSIRO Publishing
Contextual Support Journal

Re-evaluating the contribution of summer fallow rain to wheat yield in southern Australia

View Source
Preview of Regenerative agriculture - Wikipedia, accessed August 8, 2025
Regenerative agriculture - Wikipedia, accessed August 8, 2025
Contextual Support

Regenerative agriculture - Wikipedia

View Source
Preview of Regenerative agriculture in Australia: the changing face of farming - Frontiers, accessed August 4, 2025
Regenerative agriculture in Australia: the changing face of farming - Frontiers, accessed August 4, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Regenerative agriculture is key to dry season preparation - Soils For Life, accessed July 23, 2025

View Source
Preview of Regenerative Agriculture—A Literature Review on the Practices and Mechanisms Used to Improve Soil Health - MDPI
Regenerative Agriculture—A Literature Review on the Practices and Mechanisms Used to Improve Soil Health - MDPI
Contextual Support Government

Forest Thinning for Ecosystem Restoration - Hidden Vale Research Station - The University of Queensland

View Source
Preview of Regenerative opportunities for building soil biological resilience – a ..., accessed May 11, 2025
Regenerative opportunities for building soil biological resilience – a ..., accessed May 11, 2025
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Regenerative opportunities for building soil biological resilience – a case study in the low-rainfall zone in Southern Australia - GRDC

View Source
Preview of Regenerative Organic Agriculture and Human Health: The Interconnection Between Soil, Food Quality, and Nutrition - PMC - PubMed Central, accessed July 7, 2025,
Regenerative Organic Agriculture and Human Health: The Interconnection Between Soil, Food Quality, and Nutrition - PMC - PubMed Central, accessed July 7, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Technical Note No.3 - Effects of Residue Management and No-Till on Soil Quality - Natural Resources Conservation Service

View Source
Preview of Risks to waterlogged crops - Business Queensland, accessed August 28, 2025
Risks to waterlogged crops - Business Queensland, accessed August 28, 2025
Contextual Support Government

Acid sulfate soils - Murray–Darling Basin Authority

View Source
Preview of Soil Research - CSIRO PUBLISHING, accessed July 18, 2025,
Soil Research - CSIRO PUBLISHING, accessed July 18, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Modelling and prediction of soil water contents at field capacity and permanent wilting point of dryland cropping soils - CSIRO PUBLISHING | Soil Research

View Source
Preview of Soil Research - CSIRO PUBLISHING, accessed July 7, 2025
Soil Research - CSIRO PUBLISHING, accessed July 7, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

The effect of soil and pasture attributes on ... - CSIRO Publishing

View Source
Preview of Soil Water - Tas | Fact Sheets | soilquality.org.au, accessed August 4, 2025,
Soil Water - Tas | Fact Sheets | soilquality.org.au, accessed August 4, 2025,
Contextual Support Government

Healthy soils and water infiltration in the paddock - Local Land Services - NSW Government

View Source
Preview of The impact of soil water on soil constraints and crop growth - GRDC
The impact of soil water on soil constraints and crop growth - GRDC
Contextual Support Journal

The impact of soil water on soil constraints and crop growth - GRDC

View Source
Preview of Understanding Soil Water Content and Thresholds for Irrigation Management - OSU Extension
Understanding Soil Water Content and Thresholds for Irrigation Management - OSU Extension
Contextual Support Journal

Understanding Soil Water Content and Thresholds for Irrigation Management - OSU Extension

View Source
Preview of Understanding The Impacts Of Waterlogged Soils - AgSolutions
Understanding The Impacts Of Waterlogged Soils - AgSolutions
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Understanding The Impacts Of Waterlogged Soils - AgSolutions

View Source
Preview of Wheat Crop under Waterlogging: Potential Soil and Plant Effects - MDPI, accessed August 28, 2025
Wheat Crop under Waterlogging: Potential Soil and Plant Effects - MDPI, accessed August 28, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Effect of soil moisture at different temperatures on Rhizoctonia root rot of wheat seedlings

View Source

Context

  • Region Australia
  • Biome Arid Shrublands & Stony Plains
  • Land Use Agricultural Crop Production
  • Assessment Conservation Target
  • Season primary growing season
  • Evidence Type ReferenceCondition

Lifecycle

  • Status Active
  • Version 1
  • Effective From 7 Jun 2026

Notes

The benchmark is defined as an optimal range relative to a soil's PAWC, reflecting an enhanced state of ecological function under regenerative management. This approach is dynamic and accounts for soil texture.

Related Benchmarks

Other benchmarks in the AUS-ASP-AGR-SMO family.

12 % VWC Moderate
Agricultural Crop Production · Conservation Target
MinimumOnly Active v1
— % VWC High
Agricultural Crop Production · Conservation Target
CompositeFramework Active v1