Soil pH

AUS-TDG-LVG-SPH General Moderate confidence

Benchmark Value

4.5 pH
Direction: Higher is desirable ↑
Form: MinimumOnly

Scoring Curve

This curve shows how a field measurement for this indicator would score across all available benchmark forms in this context. The scoring engine uses 19 benchmarks together — the OptimalRange form drives the primary score, while 18 guard(s) constrain the result.

Evidence & Context

Considering this evidence, a lower critical threshold of pH(CaCl₂) 4.5 is proposed. Below this level, the likelihood and severity of aluminium and manganese toxicities increase substantially for a broader range of plant species, including many native ones.

Metric Definition:

Soil pH measured in 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solution, indicating the acidity level below which ecological function is impaired.

Justification:

Based on evidence of increased toxicity and nutrient limitations below pH 4.5, supported by agricultural and ecological literature.

Sources (2)

Preview of Agriculture Victoria. (2024). Soil acidity.
Agriculture Victoria. (2024). Soil acidity. Government

Agriculture Victoria. (2025). Soil acidity. Farm Management.

View Source
Preview of Manage soil acidity | EverGraze More livestock from perennials
Manage soil acidity | EverGraze More livestock from perennials GreyLiterature

Manage soil acidity | EverGraze More livestock from perennials, accessed July 18, 2025,

View Source

Supporting Sources (3)

Additional references from the underlying research that informed this benchmark.

Preview of Government of South Australia, Department for Environment and Water. (n.d.). Soil Health and Condition.
Government of South Australia, Department for Environment and Water. (n.d.). Soil Health and Condition.
Contextual Support Government

Soil acidity - Department for Environment and Water

View Source
Preview of Prober, S. M., Lunt, I. D., & Thiele, K. R. (2002). Determining reference conditions for management and restoration of temperate grassy woodlands: relationships among trees, topsoils and understorey flora in little-grazed remnants. Australian Journal of Botany, 50(6), 687–697.
Prober, S. M., Lunt, I. D., & Thiele, K. R. (2002). Determining reference conditions for management and restoration of temperate grassy woodlands: relationships among trees, topsoils and understorey flora in little-grazed remnants. Australian Journal of Botany, 50(6), 687–697.
Contextual Support Journal

Prober, S.M., Thiele, K.R. and Lunt, I.D. (2002). Determining reference conditions for management and restoration of temperate grassy woodlands: relationships among trees, topsoils and understorey flora in little-grazed remnants. Australian Journal of Botany, 50(6), 687-697.

View Source
Preview of Soil Quality Knowledge Base. (n.d.). Soil pH.
Soil Quality Knowledge Base. (n.d.). Soil pH.
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

Soil Quality Knowledge Base. (n.d.). Soil pH.

View Source

Context

  • Region Australia
  • Biome Temperate Dry Woodlands & Native Grasslands
  • Land Use Livestock Grazing & Pasture
  • Assessment Not Stated
  • Evidence Type DegradationThreshold

Lifecycle

  • Status Active
  • Version 1
  • Effective From 9 Jun 2026

Notes

No upper detrimental threshold — higher values are always better up to natural saturation. Represents a critical acidity level where ecosystem processes and native species viability decline. AssessmentContext defaulted to 'Not Stated' because the source document did not state one.