Litter Cover

AUS-TMI-LVG-LIT General Moderate confidence

Benchmark Value

No specific value — see range
Range: 70 to 90 %
Thresholds: Lower: 70, Upper: 100
Optimal Range: 70 to 90
Direction: Higher is desirable ↑
Form: OptimalRange

Scoring Curve

This curve shows how a field measurement for this indicator would score across all available benchmark forms in this context. The scoring engine uses 4 benchmarks together — the OptimalRange form drives the primary score, while 3 guard(s) constrain the result.

Evidence & Context

During years with average or above-average rainfall, when the pasture was demonstrably in a healthy and resilient state (B+ condition), the MSR treatment consistently maintained a total ground cover (litter plus living plant bases) in the range of 70-90%.

Metric Definition:

Litter Cover (%) is defined as the proportion of the soil surface covered by detached, non-living plant material, including senesced grass, fallen leaves, twigs, and other organic debris.

Benchmark Definition:

Litter cover is the proportion of soil surface covered by non-living plant material, representing a sustainable best-practice management target in tropical maritime island grazing lands.

Justification:

The benchmark is derived from ground cover levels observed under the 'Moderate Stocking Rate' treatment at the Wambiana Grazing Trial, representing best-practice sustainable management in a tropical savanna environment.

Sources (4)

Preview of Assessing groundcover | MBFP | More Beef from Pastures - MLA, accessed August 10, 2025,
Assessing groundcover | MBFP | More Beef from Pastures - MLA, accessed August 10, 2025,

Revegetation - International Erosion Control Association

View Source
Preview of Nutrient Cycling in Pastures - UF/IFAS Range Cattle Research & Education Center
Nutrient Cycling in Pastures - UF/IFAS Range Cattle Research & Education Center GreyLiterature

Nutrient Cycling in Pastures - UF/IFAS Range Cattle Research & Education Center

View Source
Preview of Requirements for graziers | Environment, land and water | Queensland Government, accessed July 30, 2025,
Requirements for graziers | Environment, land and water | Queensland Government, accessed July 30, 2025, Government

Soil Health & Your Wealth - presented by Graeme Sait - Regional Development Australia, accessed July 30, 2025,

View Source
Preview of The Wambiana grazing trial | FutureBeef, accessed July 19, 2025,
The Wambiana grazing trial | FutureBeef, accessed July 19, 2025, Journal

FutureBeef. (2011). The Wambiana grazing trial: Key learnings for managing for rainfall variability and land condition in northern grazing lands. Meat & Livestock Australia.

View Source

Supporting Sources (1)

Additional references from the underlying research that informed this benchmark.

Preview of Managing ground cover for economic and sustainability outcomes on grazing lands in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon catchments. - Queensland Government publications, accessed May 11, 2025,
Managing ground cover for economic and sustainability outcomes on grazing lands in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon catchments. - Queensland Government publications, accessed May 11, 2025,
Regulatory Framework Journal

Effect of reduced grazing pressure on sediment and nutrient yields in savanna rangeland streams draining to the Great Barrier Reef - CSIRO Research Publications Repository, accessed July 19, 2025

View Source

Context

  • Region Australia
  • Biome Tropical & Subtropical Maritime Islands
  • Land Use Livestock Grazing & Pasture
  • Assessment Conservation Target
  • Evidence Type TargetCondition

Lifecycle

  • Status Active
  • Version 1
  • Effective From 19 Mar 2026

Notes

Lower Critical Threshold: 70 %. No upper detrimental threshold — higher values are always better up to natural saturation. The benchmark represents a dynamic state achievable under sustainable management, with a functional range of 70-90% during adequate rainfall seasons. Below 70% indicates increasing erosion risk; below 50% is regulatory poor condition; above 90-100% can be detrimental due to seedling smothering and nitrogen immobilization.