Litter Cover

AUS-TDG-LVG-LIT General Moderate confidence

Benchmark Value

No specific value — see range
Range: 85 to 95 %
Optimal Range: 85 to 95
Direction: Higher is desirable ↑
Form: OptimalRange

Scoring Curve

This curve shows how a field measurement for this indicator would score across all available benchmark forms in this context. The scoring engine uses 4 benchmarks together — the OptimalRange form drives the primary score, while 3 guard(s) constrain the result.

Contributing Benchmarks

OptimalRange Primary OptimalRange Guard OptimalRange Guard OptimalRange Guard

Evidence & Context

Table 1: Litter Cover (%) Benchmark for Best Available Condition Indicator Name Reference Value Unit Source Title(s) Source URL or DOI Confidence Level Short Notes Litter Cover (%) 85-95 % EverGraze guidelines (e.g., Persistence of perennials and prevention of soil loss); Grazing management for healthy soils (Christine Jones) Moderate Benchmark Rationale: Inferred range representing the litter component within the very high total ground cover (>90-100%) typically achieved under best-practice/regenerative grazing management in Australian temperate systems, aiming for optimal soil health and function.

Metric Definition:

Litter cover percentage representing the litter component of total ground cover under best-practice grazing management in Australian temperate dry woodlands and native grasslands.

Justification:

Inferred range representing the litter component within the very high total ground cover (>90-100%) typically achieved under best-practice/regenerative grazing management in Australian temperate systems, aiming for optimal soil health and function.

Sources (1)

Preview of EverGraze Exchange (Online) – The Nuts and Bolts of Grazing Management, accessed May 12, 2025
EverGraze Exchange (Online) – The Nuts and Bolts of Grazing Management, accessed May 12, 2025 GreyLiterature

EverGraze Exchange (Online) – The Nuts and Bolts of Grazing Management, accessed May 12, 2025,

View Source

Supporting Sources (25)

Additional references from the underlying research that informed this benchmark.

Preview of (PDF) Livestock grazing management and biodiversity conservation in Australian temperate grassy landscapes - ResearchGate, accessed May 11, 2025
(PDF) Livestock grazing management and biodiversity conservation in Australian temperate grassy landscapes - ResearchGate, accessed May 11, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Fertilisers and the environment - NSW Department of Primary Industries, accessed May 11, 2025

View Source
Preview of About Rangelands monitoring | Department of Lands, Planning and Environment, accessed July 29, 2025,
About Rangelands monitoring | Department of Lands, Planning and Environment, accessed July 29, 2025,
Direct Evidence

About Rangelands monitoring | Department of Lands, Planning and Environment, accessed July 18, 2025

View Source
Preview of An Evidence-Based Assessment of Prescribed Grazing Practices - USDA ARS, accessed May 12, 2025
An Evidence-Based Assessment of Prescribed Grazing Practices - USDA ARS, accessed May 12, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

An Evidence-Based Assessment of Prescribed Grazing Practices - USDA ARS, accessed May 12, 2025,

View Source
Preview of cdn.environment.sa.gov.au, accessed May 12, 2025
cdn.environment.sa.gov.au, accessed May 12, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

cdn.environment.sa.gov.au, accessed May 12, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Distribution and effects of tree leaf litter on vegetation composition ..., accessed May 12, 2025
Distribution and effects of tree leaf litter on vegetation composition ..., accessed May 12, 2025
Contextual Support Direct Evidence Journal

Litter accumulation and fire risks show direct and indirect climate-dependence at continental scale - PubMed Central, accessed August 9, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Diversity in and Among Grasslands - Biodiversity - NCBI Bookshelf, accessed May 13, 2025,
Diversity in and Among Grasslands - Biodiversity - NCBI Bookshelf, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support Government

Diversity in and Among Grasslands - Biodiversity - NCBI Bookshelf, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Do regenerative grazing management practices ... - CSIRO Publishing, accessed May 12, 2025
Do regenerative grazing management practices ... - CSIRO Publishing, accessed May 12, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Do regenerative grazing management practices improve vegetation and soil health in grazed rangelands? Preliminary insights from a space-for-time study in the Great Barrier Reef catchments, Australia - CSIRO Publishing, accessed May 11, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Effect of Grazing Exclusion and Rotational Grazing on Soil Aggregate Stability in Typical Grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China - Frontiers, accessed May 12, 2025
Effect of Grazing Exclusion and Rotational Grazing on Soil Aggregate Stability in Typical Grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China - Frontiers, accessed May 12, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Effect of Grazing Exclusion and Rotational Grazing on Soil Aggregate Stability in Typical Grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China - Frontiers, accessed May 12, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Effects of litter on seedling establishment in natural and semi-natural grasslands: A meta-analysis - ResearchGate, accessed May 12, 2025
Effects of litter on seedling establishment in natural and semi-natural grasslands: A meta-analysis - ResearchGate, accessed May 12, 2025
Contextual Support

Effects of litter on seedling establishment in natural and semi-natural grasslands: A meta-analysis - ResearchGate, accessed May 12, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Effects of Stock Grazing on Biodiversity Values in ... - ACT Government, accessed August 4, 2025
Effects of Stock Grazing on Biodiversity Values in ... - ACT Government, accessed August 4, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

Yellow Box – Blakely's Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived ...

View Source
Preview of Effects of Stock Grazing on Biodiversity Values in Temperate Native Grasslands and Grassy Woodlands in SE Australia: A Literature Review - ACT Government, accessed May 13, 2025,
Effects of Stock Grazing on Biodiversity Values in Temperate Native Grasslands and Grassy Woodlands in SE Australia: A Literature Review - ACT Government, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Effects of Stock Grazing on Biodiversity Values in Temperate Native Grasslands and Grassy Woodlands in SE Australia: A Literature Review - ACT Government, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Grazing management impacts on vegetation, soil biota and soil chemical, physical and hydrological properties in tall grass prairie, accessed May 12, 2025
Grazing management impacts on vegetation, soil biota and soil chemical, physical and hydrological properties in tall grass prairie, accessed May 12, 2025
Contextual Support

Adaptive multi-paddock grazing management's influence on soil food web community structure for: increasing pasture forage production, soil organic carbon, and reducing soil respiration rates in southeastern USA ranches, accessed July 29, 2025

View Source
Preview of In Defense of Soil Health - UKnowledge, accessed May 12, 2025
In Defense of Soil Health - UKnowledge, accessed May 12, 2025
Contextual Support

In Defense of Soil Health - UKnowledge, accessed May 12, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Litter-Induced Reduction in Ecosystem Multifunctionality Is Mediated ..., accessed May 13, 2025,
Litter-Induced Reduction in Ecosystem Multifunctionality Is Mediated ..., accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Litter-Induced Reduction in Ecosystem Multifunctionality Is Mediated ..., accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Managing for biodiversity | Native pasture management - Agriculture Victoria, accessed May 13, 2025,
Managing for biodiversity | Native pasture management - Agriculture Victoria, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support Government

Managing for biodiversity | Native pasture management - Agriculture Victoria, accessed July 17, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Managing ground cover to reduce run-off and water loss - FutureBeef, accessed August 10, 2025,
Managing ground cover to reduce run-off and water loss - FutureBeef, accessed August 10, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Grassy Woodlands of the Goulburn Broken Catchment, accessed August 8, 2025

View Source
Preview of Method for Rangeland condition monitoring: grassland - Western Australian Government, accessed May 13, 2025,
Method for Rangeland condition monitoring: grassland - Western Australian Government, accessed May 13, 2025,
Methodology Source GreyLiterature

How to install your own rangeland monitoring sites - FutureBeef, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au, accessed May 12, 2025
openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au, accessed May 12, 2025
Contextual Support Journal

openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au, accessed May 12, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Pasture health kit - Making More From Sheep, accessed July 7, 2025
Pasture health kit - Making More From Sheep, accessed July 7, 2025
Direct Evidence Journal

Pasture health kit - Making More From Sheep, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Rangeland condition rating 6 Western Australia - Department of Agriculture and Food, accessed May 13, 2025,
Rangeland condition rating 6 Western Australia - Department of Agriculture and Food, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support

Rangeland condition rating 6 Western Australia - Department of Agriculture and Food, accessed May 13, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Recent initiatives in biodiversity conservation in grazed temperate grasslands and woodlands in Australia - UKnowledge, accessed August 12, 2025,
Recent initiatives in biodiversity conservation in grazed temperate grasslands and woodlands in Australia - UKnowledge, accessed August 12, 2025,
Contextual Support

Australia's forests – overview - DAFF, accessed July 7, 2025,

View Source
Preview of Right plant, right place and sustainable grazing management leads to persistent pastures | EverGraze More livestock from perennials, accessed May 12, 2025
Right plant, right place and sustainable grazing management leads to persistent pastures | EverGraze More livestock from perennials, accessed May 12, 2025
Contextual Support Direct Evidence GreyLiterature

Right plant, right place and sustainable grazing management leads to persistent pastures | EverGraze More livestock from perennials, accessed May 12, 2025,

View Source
Preview of The Rangeland Journal - CSIRO PUBLISHING, accessed July 6, 2025,
The Rangeland Journal - CSIRO PUBLISHING, accessed July 6, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Does grazing exclusion in Australia's rangelands affect biomass and debris carbon stocks?

View Source
Preview of The Rangeland Journal - CSIRO PUBLISHING, accessed May 13, 2025,
The Rangeland Journal - CSIRO PUBLISHING, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Grazing exclusion has nuanced effects on woody carbon stocks across Australian rangelands

View Source
Preview of www.ari.vic.gov.au, accessed May 13, 2025,
www.ari.vic.gov.au, accessed May 13, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Mean concentrations of soluble and exchangeable cations in ..., accessed August 9, 2025

View Source

Context

  • Region Australia
  • Biome Temperate Dry Woodlands & Native Grasslands
  • Land Use Livestock Grazing & Pasture
  • Assessment Conservation Target
  • Evidence Type TargetCondition

Lifecycle

  • Status Active
  • Version 1
  • Effective From 15 Mar 2026

Notes

Lower Critical Threshold: 70 %. A lower critical threshold exists around 70% total ground cover, below which erosion risk increases significantly. Potential detrimental effects from excessive litter accumulation (>~500 g/m² or >~1.5-2 cm depth) exist, primarily inhibiting seedling establishment, but are less likely a primary concern under active, well-managed grazing compared to insufficient cover.

Related Benchmarks

Other benchmarks in the AUS-TDG-LVG-LIT family.

— % Moderate
Livestock Grazing & Pasture · Pristine Reference
CompositeFramework Active v1