Soil pH

AUS-TSR-FOR-SPH General Moderate confidence

Benchmark Value

5 pH
Thresholds: Lower: 5, Upper: —
Direction: Higher is desirable ↑
Form: LowerThreshold

Scoring Curve

This curve shows how a field measurement for this indicator would score across all available benchmark forms in this context. The scoring engine uses 16 benchmarks together — the OptimalRange form drives the primary score, while 15 guard(s) constrain the result.

Evidence & Context

A lower critical threshold of pH(water) 5.0 is established. Below this value, the risk of multiple, compounding negative impacts—including aluminum and manganese toxicity, impaired root function, and reduced microbial activity—becomes unacceptably high.

Metric Definition:

Soil pH measured in water at a 1:5 soil to water ratio in the top 0-10 cm of soil.

Benchmark Definition:

The critical lower pH threshold below which ecosystem function is impaired due to toxicity and other negative effects in tropical and subtropical rainforest production forestry soils.

Justification:

Below this value, the risk of aluminum and manganese toxicity increases significantly, inhibiting root growth and impairing microbial function, thereby compromising long-term forest productivity and health.

Sources (1)

Preview of Soil carbon and nutrient pools, microbial properties and gross nitrogen transformations in adjacent natural forest and hoop pine plantations of subtropical Australia
Soil carbon and nutrient pools, microbial properties and gross nitrogen transformations in adjacent natural forest and hoop pine plantations of subtropical Australia
View Source

Supporting Sources (4)

Additional references from the underlying research that informed this benchmark.

Preview of Agriculture Victoria. (2024). Soil acidity.
Agriculture Victoria. (2024). Soil acidity.
Contextual Support

Soil acidity | Soil | Farm management - Agriculture Victoria, accessed August 28, 2025

View Source
Preview of Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization in Relation to Soil Particle-Size Fractions after 32 Years of Chemical and Manure Application in a Continuous Maize Cropping System, accessed July 19, 2025
Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization in Relation to Soil Particle-Size Fractions after 32 Years of Chemical and Manure Application in a Continuous Maize Cropping System, accessed July 19, 2025
Direct Evidence Journal

Soil carbon and nutrient pools, microbial properties and gross nitrogen transformations in adjacent natural forest and hoop pine plantations of subtropical Australia - ResearchGate, accessed July 20, 2025

View Source
Preview of Multiple soil element and pH interactions constrain plant performance on tropical soils with a long history of fire - CSIRO PUBLISHING | Soil Research, accessed May 16, 2025,
Multiple soil element and pH interactions constrain plant performance on tropical soils with a long history of fire - CSIRO PUBLISHING | Soil Research, accessed May 16, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Multiple soil element and pH interactions constrain plant performance on tropical soils with a long history of fire - CSIRO PUBLISHING | Soil Research, accessed July 20, 2025

View Source
Preview of Soil pH | Environment, land and water - Queensland Government, accessed July 30, 2025,
Soil pH | Environment, land and water - Queensland Government, accessed July 30, 2025,
Contextual Support Government

Improving Soil Structure and pH Levels (DPIFM_NT) - Department of ..., accessed July 20, 2025

View Source

Context

  • Region Australia
  • Biome Tropical & Subtropical Rainforests
  • Land Use Production Forestry
  • Assessment Pristine Reference
  • Evidence Type DegradationThreshold

Lifecycle

  • Status Active
  • Version 1
  • Effective From 25 Mar 2026

Notes

Lower Critical Threshold: 5 pH. This threshold is based on multiple lines of evidence including agricultural and forestry studies and a CSIRO field experiment.