Bare Ground

AUS-TMS-LVG-BAR General Moderate confidence

Benchmark Value

60 %
Direction: Lower is desirable ↓
Form: MinimumOnly

Scoring Curve

This curve shows how a field measurement for this indicator would score across all available benchmark forms in this context. The scoring engine uses 11 benchmarks together — the OptimalRange form drives the primary score, while 10 guard(s) constrain the result.

Evidence & Context

Multiple sources converge on the understanding that when bare ground exceeds approximately 60% (or conversely, when total ground cover falls below 40%), savanna ecosystems enter a state of significantly increased vulnerability to degradation.

Metric Definition:

Bare Ground (%) as a critical threshold for accelerated erosion and impaired hydrological function

Benchmark Definition:

This benchmark represents the lower critical threshold of bare ground percentage beyond which ecosystem health in Tropical Monsoonal Savannas under livestock grazing is significantly compromised, leading to increased degradation risks.

Justification:

This threshold is widely recognized in Australian rangeland science and management guidelines as a critical tipping point beyond which degradation accelerates.

Sources (1)

Preview of era.dpi.qld.gov.au, accessed May 14, 2025,
era.dpi.qld.gov.au, accessed May 14, 2025, Journal

MacLeod, N.D., Whish, G., Nelson, P.N., et al. (2023). Regenerative grazing in the rangelands of northern Australia: A space-for-time assessment of vegetation and soil condition. Rangeland Journal, 45(1), 27-42.

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Supporting Sources (5)

Additional references from the underlying research that informed this benchmark.

Preview of Do regenerative grazing management practices improve vegetation and soil health in grazed rangelands? Preliminary insights from a space-for-time study in the Great Barrier Reef catchments, Australia - CSIRO Publishing, accessed August 5, 2025,
Do regenerative grazing management practices improve vegetation and soil health in grazed rangelands? Preliminary insights from a space-for-time study in the Great Barrier Reef catchments, Australia - CSIRO Publishing, accessed August 5, 2025,
Contextual Support

Ludwig, J.A., Bastin, G.N., Chewings, V.H., Eager, R.W., and Liedloff, A.C. (2005). Clearing savannas for use as rangelands in Queensland: Altered landscapes and water-erosion processes. Rangeland Journal, 27(2), 135-149.

View Source
Preview of Karfs, R.A., Abbot, B.N., O'Reagain, P.J., et al. (2009). Land condition monitoring information for Reef catchments: A new era. The Rangeland Journal, 31(1), 91-104.
Karfs, R.A., Abbot, B.N., O'Reagain, P.J., et al. (2009). Land condition monitoring information for Reef catchments: A new era. The Rangeland Journal, 31(1), 91-104.
Contextual Support Journal

Karfs, R.A., Abbot, B.N., O'Reagain, P.J., et al. (2009). Land condition monitoring information for Reef catchments: A new era. The Rangeland Journal, 31(1), 91-104.

View Source
Preview of Managing grazing to increase ground cover in rangelands: using remote sensing to detect change - CSIRO Publishing, accessed July 18, 2025,
Managing grazing to increase ground cover in rangelands: using remote sensing to detect change - CSIRO Publishing, accessed July 18, 2025,
Contextual Support Journal

Guppy, C.N., Waters, C.M., Hacker, R.B., et al. (2024). Managing grazing to increase ground cover in rangelands: using dynamic regional comparison to document property-scale change. Rangeland Journal.

View Source
Preview of O'Reagain, P.J., and Ash, A.J. (2002). Principles of sustainable grazing management for the northern savannas. In: Proceedings of the 12th Australian Rangeland Conference, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. Australian Rangeland Society. pp. 242-247.
O'Reagain, P.J., and Ash, A.J. (2002). Principles of sustainable grazing management for the northern savannas. In: Proceedings of the 12th Australian Rangeland Conference, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. Australian Rangeland Society. pp. 242-247.
Contextual Support GreyLiterature

O'Reagain, P.J., and Ash, A.J. (2002). Principles of sustainable grazing management for the northern savannas. In: Proceedings of the 12th Australian Rangeland Conference, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. Australian Rangeland Society. pp. 242-247.

View Source
Preview of Thornton, C.M. and Elledge, N.C. (2018). Paddock scale water quality monitoring in the Brigalow Catchment Study (P2R2) – Final Report for project R M001 (P2R201A). Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane.
Thornton, C.M. and Elledge, N.C. (2018). Paddock scale water quality monitoring in the Brigalow Catchment Study (P2R2) – Final Report for project R M001 (P2R201A). Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane.
Direct Evidence Journal

Thornton, C.M. and Elledge, N.C. (2018). Paddock scale water quality monitoring in the Brigalow Catchment Study (P2R2) – Final Report for project R M001 (P2R201A). Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane.

View Source

Context

  • Region Australia
  • Biome Tropical Monsoonal Savannas
  • Land Use Livestock Grazing & Pasture
  • Assessment Pristine Reference
  • Evidence Type DegradationThreshold

Lifecycle

  • Status Active
  • Version 1
  • Effective From 25 Mar 2026

Notes

Exceeding 60% bare ground signifies a severely degraded state with impaired soil retention, water infiltration, and nutrient cycling.

Related Benchmarks

Other benchmarks in the AUS-TMS-LVG-BAR family.